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The phenomenon of the new
Hodec, Markus E. ; Sepp, Hans Rainer (advisor) ; Stenger, Georg (referee) ; Schmiedl-Neuburg, Hilmar (referee)
The present work on the phenomenon of the new sees itself as an introductory structure of kainology. In doing so, it is pursuing two goals. On the one hand, it seeks the establishment of a new philosophical concept and an independent philosophical method, kainology. On the other hand, the main scope of this investigation applies to the problematization of the phenomenon of the new. In order to take a systematic look at the new, the work is divided into three sections, each of which produces its own partial result. The first section deals with the history of the new. Exemplifying the ontological opposition of Heraclitus and Parmenides, the new emerges as a phenomenon that can be treated more precisely in terms of becoming rather than in terms of being. The second section is dedicated to the method. The kainological method is based on the one hand on dialectics as formulated by Hegel and further developed by Adorno. On the other hand, kainology borrows from the method of phenomenology, namely Husserl's. The complementarity of the two pioneering achievements results in four main methodological elements for kainology: first person singular, from fact to Wesen, the included middle and subject-object. After the history of the new has been traced and the method of kainology established, it is time to examine the...
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Theological interpretation of Vítězslav Nezval's poetic composition "Z domoviny (From the Homeland)"
KUKAL, Petr
The thesis deals with the analysis of theological motifs in a specific poetic text - a poetic composition of an eminent 20th-century Czech poet, Vítězslav Nezval. The theoretical part deals with the context of the composition's origin. The context lies in the poet's religious identity at the end of the fifth decade of his life on the one hand, and in the political situation in Czechoslovakia and its consequences for the arts on the other. The practical part consists of a detailed analysis of the text of the composition, the identification of its religious motifs, and their theological interpretation in the spirit of the principles of poetical theology. For the purposes of the thesis, the poetic composition was divided into thematically more or less homogeneous sections. They were then analysed individually, and the lines of motifs formed of some of these blocks were identified. The outputs of the interpretation process suggest that although Nezval's eschatological idea of the culmination of history in a classless society was felt as immanent to humankind, it was doubtlessly founded on religious grounds.
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The Dialectics of Intervention . An Analysis of Discursive and Theoretical Accounts for Conflict Initiation
Corneo, Francesco ; Nesbitt, Todd (advisor) ; Riegl, Martin (referee)
! The scope of this work is to critically assess the phenomenon of American interventions from the beginning of the post-Cold War era to the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Departing from the analysis of the question of why an argument liable to disproof was chosen for legitimizing on legal grounds the 2003 invasion of Iraq, I proceed to the analysis of the relation between legitimizing discourse employed by the American administration domestically, and the one employed in the context of international institutions. The first one is concluded to take precedence over the second - at least for what concerns the timeframe taken into consideration in this work. I then proceed to an analysis of the evolution of domestic legitimizing discourse from 1991 to 2003, providing a dialectic evolutionary model. Finally, competing theoretical interpretations of the phenomenon are tested against the findings of the research.
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Situation of the Surrealist Subject
Svěrák, Šimon ; Zuska, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Dadejík, Ondřej (referee)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze Filosofická fakulta katedra estetiky Diploma thesis Šimon Svěrák Situation of the Surrealist Subject (abstract) 2012 thesis supervisor: prof. PhDr. Vlastimil Zuska, CSc. Abstract This thesis focuses on the situation of a substantial subject in the historical development of the surrealist experience and confronts it with our original postmodern interpretation of thoughts of early Marx. The surrealist consciousness is based on a dialectical opposition between rational and irrational elements of cognitive processes. André Breton apprehends this dialectics under the perspective of love life and relates it to values of love, freedom and poetry. Nevertheless, this conception changes in the immanent development of the surrealist consciousness from Breton over the work and thoughts Salvador Dalí and Mikuláš Medek to Vratislav Effenberger. Effenberger removes positive values from surrealism and puts emphasis on the critical functions of the irrational. On the psychological field, all these ideas are based on the conception of the unconscious which means there is the substantial approach in them. Our critical interpretation of Marx shows, that the surrealist concept of subject is in the contradiction with its substantial determination. The subject has to be perceived as the essential...
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"The wealth of nothingness" - On the (im)possibility of metaphysics in Adorno and Beckett
Schenk, Jan David ; Hartung, Gerald (advisor) ; Sepp, Hans Rainer (referee)
English abstract: "The wealth of nothingness - On the (im)possibility of metaphysics in Adorno and Beckett": The subject of this paper is Theodor W. Adorno's reception of Samuel Beckett and its embedding in his philosophy. Based on an interpretation of Adorno's treatment of the problem of temporality, it is shown that for Adorno Beckett's work both marks the end of time in a bad infinity and at the same time prepares the turn into a fulfilled time. As the opening of a quasi- utopian temporality, it is argued that the engagement with Beckett represents for Adorno as much as the rescue of the possibility of metaphysics and critical theory through its impossibility, moving in the semantics of gift, promise, and gratitude. Keywords: dialectics, temporality, metaphysics, gift, utopia
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Introduction to the conceptual basis of Vratislav Effenberger's thought (Dialectics of the genesis of the concept of idea models)
Svěrák, Šimon ; Hauser, Michael (advisor) ; Novák, Aleš (referee) ; Borecký, Felix (referee)
Dissertation Abstract Introduction to the conceptual basis of Vratislav Effenberger's thought (Dialectics of the genesis of the concept of idea models) Mgr. Šimon Svěrák The thesis introduces a reader to the basic aspects of the theoretical system of Vratislav Effenberger, the main theoretician of post-war Czech surrealism. It does so through the construction of a developmental dialectic of the main concepts of Effenberger's work of the 1960s, which culminates in the concept of so-called idea models. In this period, Effenberger primarily addresses the question of the nature of the existential forms of the concept of total meaning in the post-war social and psychological situation. He formulates his reflections as a critical reassessment of the theoretical legacy of Karl Teige and a question of the possibility of further continuity of the Surrealist worldview. The thesis demonstrates that Effenberger first rejects the notion of ultimate meaning, through which psychosocial reality can be grasped as a meaningful whole, and replaces it with a notion of conflict. However, the internal logic of his theoretical system gradually leads him to the conclusion that human consciousness cannot exist without the idea of ultimate meaning and that such meaning exists only in the form of the idea model. The idea model is...
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"Hegelian movement" in Czechoslovakian philosophy in the nineteen-sixties. Probe into the Czechoslovakian marxist philosophy on the motif of work.
Hanovská, Lenka ; Benyovszky, Ladislav (advisor) ; Chavalka, Jakub (referee) ; Marek, Jakub (referee)
The thesis deals with the Czechoslovakian philosophy in the nineteen-sixties. It focuses not only to its historical description but intends to enter its philosophical thinking from inside and analyse its principal categories. Especially it focuses on the category of work and examines its various formulations, developed in different theoretical perspectives of Czechoslovakian philosophers. This allows distinguish these perspectives in their similarities on one hand and differences on the other. The thesis notably focuses on so called "Hegelian movement" and its evaluation of category of work. This movement, which is in fact the Czechoslovakian variation to the philosophy of praxis, formulates the category of work in its philosophical meaning, i. e. as an ontological category decisive for an origin of the reality and human being. It was originally Hegel, who developed this meaning of category, and Czechoslovakian Hegelian movement continued in developing his ontology adopted through Marx. The Czech philosophers enriched it with aspects of socialistic humanism. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part explains historical conditions of philosophical scientific performance in Czechoslovakia. The second interprets the texts of Czechoslovakian Hegelian philosophers and their expositions of category...
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Socratic Dialogue and Thinking
Černínová, Andrea ; Rybák, David (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee)
The bachelor thesis "Socratic Dialogue and Thinking" provides an insight into the life and philosophy of the ancient philosopher Socrates and brings a closer look at his concept of dialogue through which the truth is revealed. It also deals with the usage of the method of dialogue in teaching. The whole thesis was written with an effort to emphasize the importance of Socrates' philosophy in contrast with today's preference of an assertive way of communication, which often results in eristic dialectic. The aim of this bachelor thesis mainly is to describe Socrates' unique method of dialogue and to inspire a potential young reader, a high school student or his teacher. In the first instance, the thesis pursues Socrates' life and then deals with the term dialogue and with various conceptions of dialogue. Next section is about its Socratic conception. The conclusion of the thesis explains the pedagogical contribution of the Socratic method of dialogue to tuition. KEYWORDS Socrates, Plato, dialogue, dialectics, thinking, teaching
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Critical Theory and Dialectics of Contemporary Economics
Maialeh, Robin ; Chytil, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Pavlík, Ján (referee) ; Valenčík, Radim (referee) ; Yagan, Danny (referee)
The subject of this dissertation thesis is a confrontation of contemporary economic thought with critical theory. Based on the holistic critique of the production process, the author deals with elementary principles of wealth creation and allocation, mirroring themselves in the issue of economic inequality. An applied transdisciplinary approach leads to dialectical understanding of market mechanism which accentuates an antagonistic character of its actors´ aims and reveals its non-empirical causalities. These abstract connections then become a viable explanatory complement to already advanced empirical apparatus of economic inequality. The goal of the thesis is to formulate an economic model that takes into consideration both empirical findings of contemporary studies on economic inequality and reflection of the critical theory. The value added lies in the fact that the economic model presents an interaction of economic agents and through probabilistic drive towards deepening economic inequalities exposes market mechanism as the diverging factor of social reproduction. Further, the model shows that Pareto-optimization, a frequently used analytically-normative tool of contemporary economics, principally does not suffice in grasping market-based inequalities. The contribution of the thesis is researching particular economic phenomena from the unique perspective which has not been yet fully accomplished in the context of modern economics.
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